ผลิต Biochar อย่างจริงจัง (6)
มีการทดลองใช้ Biochar ปรับปรุงดินในแปลงปลูกข้าวโพดที่มหาวิทยาลัยแห่งมลลัฐอิลินอยส์ ได้ข้อสังเกตว่า
… Scientists at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center (ISTC) are exploring an innovative way to off-set fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions: using pyrolysis at low temperatures to convert waste biomass into valuable products. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion process where waste biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen to produce a series of energy products such as bio-oil, syngas, and biochar. Bio-oil and syngas can be captured and used as energy carriers. Also, bio-oil can be used at petroleum refineries as a feedstock that is greenhouse-gas-neutral and renewable.
Biochar can be used as a fuel or as a soil amendment. When used as a soil amendment, biochar can boost soil fertility, prevent soil erosion, and improve soil quality by raising soil pH, trapping moisture, attracting more beneficial fungi and microbes, improving cation exchange capacity, and helping the soil hold nutrient. Moreover, biochar is a more stable nutrient source than compost and manure. Therefore, biochar as a soil amendment can increase crop yields, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, and minimize the adverse environmental effects of agrochemicals on the environment.
Another potentially enormous environmental benefit associated with biochar used in soil is that it can sequester atmospheric carbon. In the natural carbon cycle, plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow, and subsequently CO2 is emitted when the plant matter decomposes rapidly after the plants die. Thus, the overall natural cycle is carbon neutral. In contrast, pyrolysis can lock up this atmospheric carbon as biochar for long periods (e.g., centurial or even millennial time scales). Therefore, the biochar approach is an attractive solution to alleviating global warming concerns. James Lovelock, famous for his Gaia hypothesis, is now advocating biochar as “One last chance to save mankind“. …
จากการทดลองและการวิจัยต่อเนื่อง พบว่า
…Biochar is used primarily as a soil amendment. Research has shown that biochar can increase soil retention of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant and crop production. Biochar can also help to improve water quality by causing more nutrients to stay in the soil instead of leaching into groundwater or surface waters. Soil application of biochar is being tested around the world and more research is needed on its effects on specific soil types and the different properties of biochars made under various conditions and from different feedstocks. Biochar can be important for growing food and improving cropland, especially in areas with depleted soils or lacking adequate water and chemical fertilizer supplies…
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม ศึกษาได้จาก http://www.biochar.illinois.edu/
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